Digital Note Book

Q. What is computer generation? Write a note on third generation computer?

Answer: The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each of the five generations of computers is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.

Five generations of computers and the technology developments that have led to the current devices that we use today.

1. First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes

2. Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors

3. Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits

4. Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors

5. Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence

Q. What is IT?

Answer: IT refers to an entire industry that uses computers, networking, software and other equipment to manage information. Generally, IT departments are responsible for storing, processing, retrieving and protecting digital information of the company. For achieving these tasks, they are equipped with computers, DBMS, servers and security mechanisms, etc. Professionals working in IT departments range from system administrators, database administrators to programmers, network engineers and IT managers. When executing a business, IT facilitates the business by providing four sets of core services. These core services are providing information, providing tools to improve productivity, business process automation and providing means to connect with customers. Currently, IT has become an essential part in business operations and has provided lot of job opportunities worldwide. Knowledge in IT has become essential to succeed in the workplace. Typically, IT professionals are responsible for a range of duties including simple tasks such as installing software to complex tasks such as designing and building networks and managing databases.

Q. What is ICT?

Answer: Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to all the technology used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems, audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions.
Although ICT is often considered an extended synonym for information technology (IT), its scope is more broad. ICT has more recently been used to describe the convergence of several technologies and the use of common transmission lines carrying very diverse data and communication types and formats.

Q. What is the difference between IT and ICT?

Answer: IT refers to an entire industry that uses computers, networking, software and other equipment to manage information, whereas ICT can be seen as an integration of IT with media broadcasting technologies, audio/ video processing and transmission and telephony. Therefore, ICT can be seen as an extended acronym for IT. The term ICT is widely used in the context of education, whereas IT is a term widely used in the industry. In addition, recently, ICT is also used to refer to the integration of telephone and audio/ visual networks with computer networks. In simplest terms, ICT can be seen as the integration of information technology with communication technology.

Q. What is the use of computers in the medical field?

Or. Write down the application of Computer in Medical Technology. [You can chose any one answer]

Answer (1): A computer has become an essential commodity in every hospital. Everything is computerized today, from Hospital Administration, Recording Medical History, Monitoring Systems, Life support System, Diagnosis of Diseases, open heart surgeries to X-rays to various clinical tests. Everything is carried out efficiently and effectively by the computer. There are many advantages of computers that make it a must have by every medical professional.

Answer (2): Hospital Administration: Hospital is an important organization. We can use computer for the administration of a hospital. We can computerize the accounting, payroll and stock system of the hospital. We can keep the record of different medicines, their distribution and use in different wards etc.

Recording Medical History: Computer can be used to store the medical history of the patients. We can store the important facts about the patients in computer. We can keep record of his past treatment, suggested medicines and their results etc. such systems can be very effective and helpful for the doctors.

Monitoring Systems: Some serious patients must be monitored continuously. Monitoring is needed especially in operation theaters and intensive care units. Many computerized devices are used to monitor the blood pressure, heartbeat and brain of the patients.

Life support System:Life support systems are used to help the disabled persons. Many devices are used that help deaf person to hear. Scientists are trying to create a device that will help he blind person to see.

Diagnosis of Diseases: Different software's are available that store different diseases and their symptoms. Diagnosis of disease is possible by entering the symptoms of a patient. Moreover, different computerized devices are used in laboratories for different tests of blood etc

Or.Answer (3):

play a key role in the medical field. Their uses include storing patient related data, housing knowledge bases, providing the logic and circuitry for medical equipment, scanning and imaging the body, and facilitating speedy communications.
Patient records are stored on databases in the medical field. The medical history of a patient includes physical symptoms, diagnoses, treatments, and even family medical history. Details of the medications prescribed are stored together with details of any that can not be prescribed, such as an allergy to penicillin. Appointments are scheduled using a . Billing information is also stored. Hospitals and surgeries depend on computers for administrative and functions.
Computer storage can house vast bases of knowledge such as journals, documents, research papers and reference books. The information stored is more easily accessible in an electronic format than hard copy.
Hospital monitoring equipment is often based on computer programming. , bed beeping systems and X-ray machines are all examples of equipment using computer technology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT) employ computer software. High-resolution images are achieved with the use of sophisticated computers and infrared cameras.
Some surgical procedures are even computer guided. An example is laparoscopic surgery, where the surgeon inserts the medical tools and a small camera, and conducts the operation with the help of computers and monitors. Computers also monitor heart rates, pulse rates and brain readings. It would be virtually impossible for a human to do this.
Computer networking facilitates fast communication. Doctors on opposite sides of the world can communicate instantly via . Images and messages can be exchanged in seconds and conclusions can be reached speedily.
Computers are also used in the medical field in the manufacture of medications. Patients benefit from readily available information . Computer applications help in research studies. Computers are a must have in every medical professio

Q. Write a short notes on Laptop Computer?

Answer: A laptop computer is a personal computer for mobile use. A laptop has most of the same components as a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device such as a touchpad (also known as a track pad) and/or a pointing stick, and speakers into a single unit. A laptop is powered by mains electricity via an AC adapter, and can be used away from an outlet using a rechargeable battery. Laptops are also sometimes called notebook computers, notebooks or netbooks.

Q. What is ISP? How many types of ISP's are there? Or

What is ISP? What are the types of Internet Service Providers (ISP).

Answer: An internet service provider is a company that offers its customers access to the internet. ISPs can offer internet through cable, DSL, dialup, Fiber Optics, and even satellite.

Many ISPs also offer cable/satellite TV, and phone along with the internet connection.

Some of the more well known ISPs are:

* AT&T: DSL Grameen PhoneQwest: DSL Bangla Link

* EarthLink: Dialup City CellVerizon: DSL/Fiber Optics

* Hughestnet: SatelliteRoad Runner: Cable

Q. Write short notes on Facebook?

Answer: Facebook is a hugely popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues. The site, which is available in 37 different languages, includes public features such as:

Marketplace - allows members to post, read and respond to classified ads.
Groups - allows members who have common interests to find each other and interact.
Events - allows members to publicize an event, invite guests and track who plans to attend.
Pages - allows members to create and promote a public page built around a specific topic.
Presence technology - allows members to see which contacts are online and chat.

Q. Write down the web address of

(i) State Medical Faculty of Bangladesh

(ii) Ministry of Health & Family Welfare

(iii) DGHS.

Answer: (i) www.smf.edu.bd

(ii) www.mohfw.gov.bd

(iii) www.dghs.gov.bd (DGHS: Directorate General of Health Services)

Q. What is TCP/IP?

Answer: TCP/IP stands for transmission control/internet protocol. It is the protocol used by every computer on internet. A protocol is a set of rules and procedures that defines how computer receive and transmit data over the network.

TCP/IP ensures reliable connection between different computers that communicate over internet. It is used to identify every computer on the internet separately.

TCP/IP software is different for different computer but provides same interface to the network. Two different type of computer can communicate with each other using this protocol. For example, a personal computer can exchange data a with mainframe computer over the internet by using TCP/IP.

Q. What is OSI Layer? Or Write down OSI Layer?

Answer: The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model has seven layers that define network communication. For the CISSP exam, you need to understand the order of the layers, what layer number is assigned to each layer name, and the function of each layer. Each layer performs a defined function for the layer above it and communicates with its peer layer over an interface.

The OSI model is an ISO standard. Contrary to the acronym, ISO stands for International Organization of Standardization, not International Standards Organizations. From bottom the layers and their Protocol Data Unit (PDU) are:

Physical – Bits
Data Link – Frame
Network – Packet
Transport – Segment
Session – Data
Presentation – Data
Application – Data

Q. What are various lines for communicating over telephone network?

Answer: Different lines for communication over telephone network are as follows.

ISDN : ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network.

It is a set of standards for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines. One telephone line can carry three or more signal at one time using the same line. ISDN modem is different from dial-up modem.

DSL : DSL stands for digital subscribe line. It provides high-speed data transmission over existing telephone lines. The existing telephone lines are analog. That is why, DSL modem is required to connect to DSL. DSL is easier to install than ISDN and is also faster.

Q. What is internet?

Answer:Internet is a huge collection of computers all over the word that are all connected to one another. It is a global network of computer. These computers are connected through different telecommunications links like.

1. Phone lines, 2. Fiber optics lines & 3. Satellites and wireless connections

Internet is used to find information stored on the computer called hosts or server. These computers use a common protocol called TCP/IP for communication. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet protocol. Each computer connected to the Internet can act as host. A host computer provides information to the people.

People can find information about books, magazines, encyclopedia and other types of material on the internet.

They can get expert opinions on any topic. They can also communicate with world community on different subjects. The internet has made this world a global village.

Q. 11. Write some famous names of E-mail services organizations.

Answer:There are some famous names of E-mail services organization are:

1. Gmail – Free Email Service 2. Zoho Mail – Free Email Service

3. AIM Mail – Free Email Service 4. iCloud Mail – Free Email Service

5. Outlook.com – Free Email Service 6. Windows Live Hotmail – Free Email Service

7. Mail.com and GMX Mail – Free Email Services 8. Yahoo! Mail – Free Email Service

9. Shortmail – Free Email Service 10. BigString.com – Free Email Service

11. Inbox.com – Free Email Service 12. Lavabit – Free Email Service

13. Facebook Messages – Free Email Service 14. Myspace Mail – Free Email Service

15. My Way Mail – Free Email Service. 16 .Care2 E-mail – Free Email Service

Q. What is Microsoft Office XP?

Answer: Microsoft Office is an office suite of desktop applications, servers and services for the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X operating systems, introduced by Microsoft on August 1, 1989. Initially a marketing term for a bundled set of applications, the first version of Office contained Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft PowerPoint. Over the years, Office applications have grown substantially closer with shared features such as a common spell checker, OLE data integration and Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications scripting language. Microsoft also positions Office as a development platform for line-of-business software under the Office Business Applications brand. Office is reported to now be used by over a billion people worldwide

Q. Classify the Microsoft Office XP. Or

Write the name of some Microsoft Office XP.

Answer: There are some names of Microsoft Office XP are:

1. Microsoft Office 3.0 2. Microsoft Office 4.x

3. Microsoft Office 95 4. Microsoft Office 97

5. Microsoft Office 2000 6. Microsoft Office XP

7. Microsoft Office 2003 8. Microsoft Office 2007

9. Microsoft Office 2010 10. Microsoft Office 2013

11. Mac OS versions 12. Microsoft Office for Mac

13. Microsoft Office 3.0 for Mac 14. Microsoft Office 4.2 for Mac

15. Microsoft Office 2001 16. Microsoft Office v. X

17. Microsoft Office 2004 for Mac 18. Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac

19. Microsoft Office for Mac 2011

Q. What is Desktop applications?

Answer: Definition of: desktop application (1) An application that runs stand alone in a desktop or laptop computer. Contrast with "Web-based application," which requires the Web browser to run. The term may be used to contrast desktop applications with mobile applications that run in smartphones and tablets. See desktop computer, Web application and mobile app.
(2) In Windows, a desktop application is one that runs in the traditional Windows desktop in contrast to a tablet application that runs full screen.

Q. What is the Microsoft Word?

Answer: Microsoft Word or MS-WORD (often called Word) is a graphical word processing program that users can type with. It is made by the computer company Microsoft. The purpose of the MS Word is to allow the users to type and save documents. Similar to other word processors, it has helpful tools to make documents.

Q. What is a DOC file used for?

Answer: Microsoft Word document. DOC is a document file format used by Microsoft Word, also used with most word processing software, including OpenOffice. DOC stands for Document file. A DOC file can contain formatted text, images, tables, graphs, charts, page formatting, and print settings.

Q. What is Excel: Main article: Microsoft Excel

Answer: Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program that originally competed with the dominant Lotus 1-2-3, but eventually outsold it. It is available for the Windows and Mac platforms. Microsoft released the first version of Excel for the Mac in 1985, and the first Windows version (numbered 2.05 to line up with the Mac and bundled with a standalone Windows run-time environment) in November 1987.

Q. What is Microsoft PowerPoint/Presentation Program?

Answer: Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation program for Windows and Mac. It is used to create slideshows, composed of text, graphics, and other objects, which can be displayed on-screen and shown by the presenter or printed out on transparencies or slides.

Q. What is the application software?

Answer: Application software (an application) is a set of computer programs designed to permit the user to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities.Application software cannot run on itself but is dependent on system software to execute.

Q. What is the application package?

Answer: Application package software, which is licensed from third-party software providers to fulfill a specific business purpose, has been in use for decades. While the software has matured, implementing and benefiting from third-party application packages remains a challenge.

Q. What are desktop programs?

Answer: Desktop publishing (abbreviated DTP) is the creation of documents using page layout skills on a personal computer. Desktop publishing software can generate layouts and produce typographic quality text and images comparable to traditional typography and printing.

Q. How many types of computer software are there and what are they?

There are two main types of software: systems software and application software. Systems software includes the programs that are dedicated to managing the computer itself, such as the operating system, file management utilities, and disk operating system (or DOS).

Q. What is the software of a computer?

Answer: Computer software (often called just software) is a set of instructions and associated documentation that tells a computer what to do or how to perform a task or it can mean all the software on a computer, including the applications and the operating system.

Q. What is the difference between software and hardware?

Answer: .A computer system consists of two major elements: hardware and software.Computer hardware is the collection of all the parts you can physically touch. Computer software, on the other hand, is not something you can touch. Software is a set of instructions for a computer to perform specific operations.

Q. What is the function of the application software?

Answer: The function of application software is to perform specific operations for various applications. These functions include writing reports, creating spreadsheets, manipulating images, keeping records, developing websites and calculating expenses.

Q. What is MS PowerPoint?

Answer: Microsoft Office PowerPoint is a presentation software that can be used by businesses, teachers, students or trainers for creating effective presentations. This software is a part of the Microsoft Office suite, which includes other popular applications, such as Microsoft Office Word, Excel, Access and Outlook. The MS PowerPoint can be looked at as a technological progress making overhead projectors, transparent slides or whiteboards obsolete. The software is designed to work with both Windows and Mac OS X operating systems.

Q. What is Server applications?

Or. How many types of Server application?

Answer: Server applications

Microsoft SharePoint — collaboration server
- Excel Services
- Info Path Forms Services
Microsoft Lync Server (formerly Office Communications Server and Live Communications Server) — real time communications server
Microsoft Office Forms Server — lets users use any browser to access and fill Info Path forms. Office Forms Server is a standalone server installation of Info Path Forms Services.
Microsoft Office Groove Server — centrally managing all deployments of Microsoft Office Groove in the enterprise
Microsoft Office Project Server — project management server
Microsoft Office Project Portfolio Server — allows creation of a project portfolio, including workflows, hosted centrally
Microsoft Office Performance-point Server — allows customers to monitor, analyze, and plan their business

Q. What is Web services? Or. What Are Web Services? Or. How many types of Web Services?

Answer: Web services are client and server applications that communicate over the World Wide Web’s (WWW) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). As described by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), web services provide a standard means of inter-operating between software applications running on a variety of platforms and frameworks. Web services are characterized by their great interoperability and extensibility, as well as their machine-process able descriptions, thanks to the use of XML. Web services can be combined in a loosely coupled way to achieve complex operations. Programs providing simple services can interact with each other to deliver sophisticated added-value services.

Types of Web Services: On the conceptual level, a service is a software component provided through a network-accessible endpoint. The service consumer and provider use messages to exchange invocation request and response information in the form of self-containing documents that make very few assumptions about the technological capabilities of the receiver.

On a technical level, web services can be implemented in various ways. The two types of web services discussed in this section can be distinguished as “big” web services and “RESTful” web services.

Q. What is the definition of computer organization?

Answer: Computer organization is a study of a Computer Architecture. E.g. Memory, Registers, RAM, ROM, CPU, ALU, 16 bit/ 32 bit/ 64 bit architecture, what different parts makes a computer, etc.

Q. Uses of Computers in Hospitals.

Answer: Computers are widely used in all the hospitals for numerous purposes apart from administration, accounting, billing, and appointments. It literally helps doctors in performing various surgeries, especially laparoscopic surgeries are possible because of computers where doctors insert the medical tools and small camera and conduct an operation with the help of computers and monitors. Many high tech surgical machines and instruments are endowed with small computer systems so that every surgical process is recorded and monitored to avoid complications. Many clinical imaging processes are conducted and examined with the help of computers, such as X-ray and CT scan, etc. Computers also play a vital role in conducting various clinical and biological laboratory tests in hospitals that help in correct diagnosis of the disease. Many critical patients who's heart rate, pulse rate, and brain readings, etc., need be recorded and monitored continuously, are observed through computers. Its virtually impossible for humans to note down every movement of the internal organs of the patients but computers do it with ease. Importance of computers in medicine has grown so much that many patients who need to be provided with life support system are also governed by the special computerized system only. Such is the impact of computers on a medical practice.

Q. What is dial-up? What is a Dial up Internet Service.

Answer: A connection that is established using a modem. To make the dial-up connection the modem must be connected to an active phone line that is not in use. When connecting the modem will pickup the phone and dial a number that is attached to another computer. Once a connection has been made the two computers will be able to talk to each other and transmit data allowing the user to check his or her e-mail, browse the Internet, or share files. The first dial-up connection was made in 1965 by Lawrence G. Roberts with MIT with a TX-2 computer in Massachusetts and Tom Marill with a Q-32 at SDC in California.

Today, with multimedia on the Internet and larger web pages most users will have an un-enjoyable time browsing the Internet using a dial-up connection. Most users who have the available option are starting to upgrade to some broadband connection, which allows a much faster download and upload.

Q. What is Internet Service Provider (ISP) ?

Answer: An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing and using the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.

Q. Who was the first Internet service provider?

Answer: The first ISP is widely believed to be Telenet, which was the first commercial version of ARPANET introduced in 1974. The first ISP for the Internet we know and use today is considered to be "The World" who started serving customers in 1989.

Q. What is Broadband?

Answer: In telecommunications, broadband is a wide bandwidth data transmission with an ability to simultaneously transport multiple signals and traffic types. ... In the context of Internet access, broadband is used to mean any high-speed Internet access that is always on and faster than traditional dial-up access.

Q. What is the microprocessor?

Answer: A microprocessor is an integral circuit that acts as the main processing unit of a computer. Known as the "brain" of the computer it carries out instructions, performs calculations and interacts with the components which operate the machine.

Intel_4004.jpg ‎(300 × 289 pixels, file size: 22 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg

C4004_(Intel).jpg ‎(610 × 208 pixels, file size: 38 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

You can also request more information with this form: